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How to create a central suction system?

This question is frequently asked at the advisory sessions. To clarify this, we need to look at the functions and application options of a central suction system. In order to see if a central suction system is the right solution, the components should be handled in detail.

Fixed installed suction system components
For the relevant application, the optimum selection and design of the system components and the best coordination of the components results in a strong suction system. In addition to special application conditions, valid regulations and instructions should be taken into account when designing the suction system.
A suction system normally consists of the following components:
-Filter unit:
The Filte unit is the core of a suction system. The better the design and function of the filter unit, the better the separation result. For example; The more naive the weather is after the filtration process, the better.
The filter unit consists of filter environment or filter elements attached to the filter storage. Filter bags, filter cartridges or filter cassettes are used as a filter element for dry separation and water bath is used in wet filtration.
Filter elements are usually cleaned in dry separation. This provides a fixed suction performance and low operating costs. To guarantee effective separation, the number and design of filter elements must be suitable for the environment to be removed. To prevent clogging of the filters, the filter surface load (ratio of the filter area to the air volume taken per hour) should not exceed a defined limit value.
Another important factor is dusty air in the filter enclosure. The air must flow as equal to the filter elements as much as possible, while the air is obtained in a low flow rate in the filter unit. Thus, filter elements can be effectively cleaned during the suction process.
As a general rule, the higher the quality of the filter material, the lower the flow rate and the filter surface load in the filter unit and the more sensitive the filter cleaning, the better the filter performs and the longer the service life is. In practice, this means low operating costs for the user.

-Vacuum Producer:
Vacuum generator of a central suction system provides the necessary air volume flow. Generally, low vacuum generators, middle vacuum generators and high vacuum generators are distinguished. Middle vacuum and high vacuum generators are especially important for dust absorption systems. Middle vacuum generators are often used for the applications that need to be collected and removed. Negative pressure is approximately 8,000 PA in mid -high air volumes. High vacuum generators include side -channel compressors and rotating piston or screw compressors. They are used in applications that need to be transported through “receiving” and high -resistant pipelines of the accumulated material. Negative pressure is high (from 140 mbar) and there is air flow in quite small volumes.
It is important to select the appropriate vacuum generator and design it according to the requirements of a certain application to obtain a satisfactory suction result. Important factors; For example, the number of suction points and simultaneousness, the connection diameter at the suction points, the necessary transportation speed of the material to be pulled and the length of the suction lines.
Vacuum generator is usually placed next to the filter unit. Due to the increasing demands for low noise emissions, vacuum generators are installed in the storage that reduces work noise and also serves as protecting against weather conditions in the outdoor environment.

-Dust drained:
The dust evacuation is located directly in a central evacuation system under the filter unit and allows the particles separated from the air volume flow from the filter unit. As a standard, collection cans, barrels or drawers connected to the filter unit with a cone are used. It is important that the volume of the collection container is sufficient for the resulting dust. If the collection containers are too small, the discharge is usually neglected and the residues separated accumulate in the filter unit and cause performance to decrease.
For dangerous substances, low dusty disposal of the reserved dirt is required.
For large dirt deposits, automatic evacuation elements such as rotating valves or evacuation valves or wings that constantly transmit the material from the filter unit are recommended.
-Control Unit:
The control unit - usually called the control cabin - controls all important functions of the central suction system and provides error -free operation. Numerous sensors now allow the most important system functions to be monitored continuously and the system to work almost completely automatic. For example, suction performance can be adjusted according to the number of points to be drawn or also according to the existing requirements according to the dust load in the airflow. This provides low operating costs thanks to low power and pressure air consumption. Waiting or service works can now be determined based on performance data - not only through a fixed number of working hours, as in the past.
With the control unit of the suction system, stronger sensor technology and advanced software, it makes it possible to adapt the system in the most appropriate way to the relevant application.

Other components
In a broader sense, the following components belong to a central suction system:
Suction pipe
Pre -separator
Heat recovery
Return / Exhaust Channel
For a satisfactory, long -term and economic work of an suction system, it is essential that components are adapted in the most appropriate way to each other and to the relevant application.

HiVent Technology, 15/04/2024, Ankara